Garifuna Interpreters and Translators: A Quick Guide

valeriamarchese2
23 hours ago
5 min read

As the Garifuna people increasingly migrate to the United States for safety, economic opportunities, and a better quality of life, language access is one of their biggest obstacles. This is where Garifuna interpreters step in and help migrants integrate safely into their new surroundings.

For the Garifuna, whose cultural and linguistic heritage has stood the test of time, interpreters play a major role in bridging the gap between their traditional ways of life and the challenges of modern migration.

This blog explores the Garifuna language, why the Garifuna are migrating, and the support interpreters can provide them as they settle in the United States.

Who speaks Garifuna?

Garifuna is spoken by the Garifuna people, an Afro-Indigenous community with roots along the Caribbean coast of Central America.

About 600,000 Garifuna speakers live across the world today. Honduras has the largest population, with an estimated 100,000 speakers. Nicaragua has about 8,000 Garifuna speakers. Guatemala and Belize have smaller, more isolated populations that have preserved many of their cultural traditions. The United States has the second-largest population. Around 100,000 speakers live in New York City, and there are also communities in Chicago, New Orleans, and parts of California.

Belonging to the Arawakan language family, Garifuna stands out as it contains many loanwords from Carib and European languages. Garifuna varies slightly in each country, but these differences are minor, such as slight changes in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. These variants are mutually intelligible, and speakers from different regions can understand each other easily. Since Honduras has the largest Garifuna-speaking population, its variant often serves as the standard reference.

One of its most fascinating features is its gender-differentiated vocabulary, where specific terms are used by men and women. Men's speech incorporates more words from Carib, while women's speech draws more heavily from Arawakan vocabulary.

The Garifuna people trace their origins to 17th-century Saint Vincent in the Caribbean, where shipwrecked Africans found refuge among Indigenous Arawak and Kalinago communities. Over time, these groups intermarried, exchanged traditions, and created a new Afro-Indigenous culture and identity. This community, which became known as the Garifuna, developed a distinctive language and cultural identity by combining African, Carib, and Arawakan traditions. Their story represents one of history's most remarkable examples of cultural resilience: displaced peoples who created entirely new identities and communities in the face of colonial violence.

In 1797, after resisting British colonization, colonial powers forcibly exiled about 5,000 Garifuna to Roatán Island off Honduras. From there, they resettled along the Caribbean coasts of Honduras, Belize, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. Despite this violent displacement, Garifuna communities preserved their language, culture, and identity.

Why are the Garifuna migrating?

Many Garifuna families now migrate because life in their communities has become increasingly difficult. Jobs are scarce, schools and healthcare are often limited, and government support is minimal. Traditional ways of earning a living, like fishing and farming, no longer provide enough income, especially as natural resources decline and local infrastructure remains poor.

Land theft is a major factor in migration. In 2015, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights ordered the Honduran government to return communal land to the Garifuna in Triunfo de la Cruz and Punta Piedra. That ruling has yet to be implemented. Instead, authorities continue selling land to private companies for tourism development and large-scale farming. This displacement leaves families without homes or means to survive, forcing them to find safety and stability elsewhere.

Defending land rights has become dangerous, and those who speak out face serious risks. Since 2018, over 150 Garifuna individuals have been killed, while others face threats, imprisonment, or criminal charges. In April 2025, Max Gil Castillo, a well-known land rights advocate, was forcibly disappeared in San Pedro Sula. Soon after, Miriam Miranda, leader of the Honduran Black Fraternal Organization (OFRANEH), received death threats.

Environmental degradation also drives migration. Coastal erosion, drought, and declining fish populations have made their traditional way of life nearly impossible. As food becomes scarcer and livelihoods break down, many Garifuna families migrate simply to be able to survive.

The Roles And Importance Of Garifuna Interpreters

Garifuna interpreters help migrants to express themselves and understand the information they are given, allowing them to better advocate for themselves and make more informed decisions.

Interpreters act as trusted guides for Garifuna migrants, guiding them through the complex U.S. immigration system, and helping them get access to medical, legal, and social services. In settings like doctor's appointments, immigration proceedings, and court hearings, qualified Garifuna interpreters are indispensable.

Besides providing language assistance, interpreters are also integral to intercultural communication. Having an interpreter who understands both American and Garifuna cultures can help make communication smoother and less stressful for both sides.

Garifuna is an endangered language, with fewer fluent speakers each year and limited training and certification programs. As a result, the number of qualified interpreters is critically low, making it difficult to meet growing demand. Public services often struggle to find interpreters, especially in urgent situations. Without proper interpretation, Garifuna speakers face serious barriers when going through healthcare, legal systems, and immigration processes.

This language disparity restricts Garifuna speakers' access to healthcare, legal aid, and social services. Without language services, they are at risk of misdiagnoses, unfair asylum decisions, and unjust deportations. Garifuna speakers need access to qualified interpreters to have a clear understanding of their circumstances and exercise their fundamental right to language access in the U.S.

Work With A Garifuna Interpreter from Maya Bridge

At Maya Bridge, we offer language services for Garifuna and all of its variants to provide your organization with comprehensive linguistic support. Since 2021, we have provided Garifuna to English interpretation to countless government agencies, healthcare organizations, and courts. As a small, niche interpretation agency specializing in Latin American Indigenous languages, we are uniquely equipped to offer on-demand Garifuna interpretation, 24 hours a day.

We offer:

Video Remote Garifuna Interpretation
Over-the-phone Garifuna Interpretation
In-person Garifuna Interpretation
Court-certified Garifuna Interpretation
Medical-certified Garifuna Interpretation
Garifuna Translation
Garifuna Voiceover and Subtitles

Learn more about our language services here.

Maya Bridge - A Leading Advocate For Latin American Indigenous Language Access In The U.S.

Since 2021, Maya Bridge Language Services has been advocating for increased access for speakers of Mayan and other Latin American and global Indigenous languages here in the United States. Maya Bridge is a mission-driven, niche interpretation agency offering 24/7 on-demand services for over 100 Indigenous languages from Latin America, as well as African, Asian, Pacific Island, Native American, and other Indigenous languages.

We have worked diligently to mobilize, train, and evaluate a network of hundreds of interpreters both in the U.S. and throughout the world to ensure that speakers of Indigenous languages can fully understand and be understood in important situations like healthcare, legal settings, in disaster and emergency response scenarios, and in receiving access to government programs.